SANTILLANA USA - ES HS Teacher Guide Sampler Level 1 -2018

Unit structure 154 cientocincuentaycuatro Verbos con raíz irregular (e > ie) Gramática Verbos irregulares • Irregular verbs do not follow typical conjugation patterns. Ser and tener , for example, are irregular verbs. ser yo soy, tú eres… tener yo tengo, tú tienes… • Irregular verbs may change the stem or the endings. Remember: To identify the stem of a verb, delete the -ar , -er , -ir endings from the infinitive form. lav -ar prend -er abr -ir Verbos con raíz irregular ( e > ie ) • Some verbs, like cerrar (to close) , require a stem change from e to ie . • Other verbs like cerrar are: empezar (to begin) yo emp ie zo preferir (to prefer) yo pref ie ro entender (to understand) yo ent ie ndo querer (to want) yo qu ie ro pensar (to think) yo p ie nso Comparación. What irregular English verbs do you know? Give three examples and explain why they are irregular. DESAFÍO 1 Note: The e > ie stem change affects all the present tense forms except nosotros , nosotras and vosotros , vosotras . This is why these verbs are called “boot or shoe verbs.” Singular Plural yo c ie rro nosotros nosotras cerramos tú c ie rras vosotros vosotras cerráis usted él ella c ie rra ustedes ellos ellas c ie rran V ERBO CERRAR ( TO CLOSE ) . P RESENTE En Guatemala Completa. Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs. 1. "Tía Rita, nosotras empezar el desafío ahora." 2. Diana y Rita pensar en la máscara de jade. 3. Rita no entender el mensaje de Rolando Boj. 4. La vendedora cerrar la tienda a las dos de la tarde. 300347 _ 0170-0225.indd 180 27/12/10 15:35 T18 A decision guided by experience. Organization: Grammar linked to communicative functions. The Grammar The selection and sequence of the grammatical elements was determined keeping three fundamental criteria in mind: the use of the structures, their productivity in communicative contexts, and their difficulty. For example, the verbs ser , estar , and tener are presented before the verb gustar because they are more frequently used, they are more productive, and they present fewer difficulties for English speakers than the verb gustar . In general, the presentation of grammar is linked to a communicative function. For example, in Unit 1, dedicated to the theme of personal life, the following functions and structures are learned: Theme: Personal Life Desafío 1 Identifying yourself and others Desafío 2 Describing people Desafío 3 Describing family relationships Desafío 4 Expressing states and feelings The verb estar The verb tener Possessive adjectives and the preposition de (to show possession) Adjectives Subject pronouns The verb ser 154 cientocincuentaycuatro Verbos con raíz i regular (e > ie) Gra ática Verbos irregulares • Irregular verbs do not follow typical conjugation patterns. Ser and tener , for example, are irregular verbs. ser yo soy, tú eres… tener yo tengo, tú tienes… • Irregular verbs may change the stem or th endings. Remember: To identify the stem of a verb, delete the -ar , -er , -ir endings from the infinitive form. lav -ar prend -er abr -ir Verbos con raíz i regular ( e > ie ) • Some verbs, like cerrar (to close) , require a stem change from e to ie . • Other verbs like cerrar are: empezar (to begin) yo emp ie zo preferir (to pr fer) yo pref ie ro entender (to understand) yo ent ie ndo querer (to want) yo qu ie ro pensar (to think) yo p ie nso Comparación. What irregular English verbs do you know? Give thr examples and explain why they are irregular. DESAFÍO 1 Note: The e > ie stem change affects all the presen tense forms except nosotros , nosotras and vosotros , vosotras . This is why these verbs are called “b ot or shoe verbs.” Singular Plural yo c ie rro nosotros nosotras cerramos tú c ie rras vosotros vosotras cerráis usted él ella c ie rra ustedes ellos ellas c ie rran V ERBO CE RAR ( TO CLOSE ) . P RESENTE En Guatemala Completa. Compl te the sentences with the a propriate form of the verbs. 1. "Tía Rita, nosotras empezar el desafío ahora." 2. Diana y Rita pensar en la máscara de jade. 3. Rita no entender el mensaje de Rolando Boj. 4. La vendedora cer ar la tiend a las dos de la tarde. 300347 _ 017 -0225.indd 180 27/12/10 15:35 18