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Unit
1
46
Differentiated Instruction
DESAFÍO 3
Gramática – El pretérito
y el imperfecto
EXPANDING LEARNERS
•
Have students describe a memorable
birthday. They should describe where they
were, what they did, how they were feeling
at the time, and anything else that made
the birthday memorable. Tell students to
illustrate their writing either by drawing a
picture or by making a collage. Once students
have finished, have volunteers share their
birthday memories with the class.
DEVELOPING LEARNERS
•
Review the legend of Popocatépetl with
students. Tell them to imagine that they are
watching a movie. Without conjugating the
verbs, have students classify which parts of
the story are background or details and which
parts are a main action. Then have students
conjugate the background/detail verbs in the
imperfect and the main action verbs in the
preterite tense. Have volunteers read the
completed story aloud.
Presentation
■■
In this section, students will review the preterite
and the imperfect, compare the uses of these
verb tenses to one another, and learn how certain
verbs change meaning according to whether the
preterite or imperfect is used.
Activities
Standards Resources
Gramática
1.2, 3.1
70.
4.1
71.
1.1, 1.2, 3.1
72.
1.1, 1.2, 2.2 Audio
73.
1.2, 1.3, 2.2,
3.1, 3.2
Warm-Up/ Independent Starter
■■
Ask students to write a few sentences, some
explaining something they used to do, and others
describing something they started and completed
in the past.
Preparation
■■
Have students read the grammar explanations
silently, take notes on any material they do not
understand, and review the conjugations noted if
they need to refresh their memory. Ask them to
focus their attention on those verbs that change
meaning.
■■
Ask students to share their Independent Starters
with the class and have the class correct each
student’s work to make sure that they made
proper use of the tenses. Review the uses of each
tense if students made errors.
■■
Call on volunteers to read aloud the examples of
those verbs that change meaning according to
whether they are in the imperfect or the preterite.
Ask other students to give another example with
each of these verbs in both tenses.
Activities
71.
Ask students to write one sentence for each of
the verbs that change meaning and exchange
papers with a partner who will translate them
into English.
Teaching Suggestions
46 cuarenta y seis
Gramática
El pretérito y el imperfecto
Los tiempos del pasado
•
You already know that in Spanish we use two tenses to talk about the past: the preterite
tense (
canté
) and the imperfect tense (
cantaba
).
Cuando
estaba
en la universidad,
conocí
a mi esposo.
In order to review the conjugations of the preterite and the imperfect, see page R12.
El pretérito y el imperfecto en la narración
•
In general, use the
preterite tense
to talk about past actions that are presented as
completed actions. And use the
imperfect tense
to talk about past actions that lasted
a certain time, without mentioning the end.
El verano pasado
estuvimos
en Lima. De pequeña yo no
hablaba
español.
•
When telling a story in the past, we use both the preterite and the imperfect tenses:
–
Use the
preterite
to talk about past actions or events that happened in the story.
– Use the
imperfect
to describe characters and setting and, in general, to explain
the circumstances surrounding an event.
Yo
llegué
a esta escuela en el año 2009.
Era
muy tímida y no
hablaba
inglés.
Pero después
aprendí
la lengua e
hice
muchos amigos.
•
Some verbs express a different meaning in the preterite than they do in the imperfect.
Verbos con diferencias de significado
PRETÉRITO
IMPERFECTO
conocer
Conocí a John.
(I met John.)
Conocía a John.
(I knew John.)
poder
Ayer pude ir.
(Yesterday I succeeded in going.)
Ayer podía ir.
(Yesterday I was able to go.)
querer
No quise llamarte.
(I refused to call you.)
No quería llamarte.
(I didn’t want to call you.)
saber
Supe la verdad.
(I found out the truth.)
Sabía la verdad.
(I knew the truth.)
tener
Tuve fiebre.
(I got a fever.)
Tenía muchos amigos.
(I had many friends.)
70
Compara.
¿Hay equivalentes al pretérito y al imperfecto en inglés?
¿Cómo se expresa la diferencia entre una acción y una descripción en pasado?
DESAFÍO 3
71
Lo que pasaba y lo que pasó
Responde.
¿Por qué se usa el pretérito o el imperfecto en cada caso?
1. a.
Beto
conoció
a Chela durante su adolescencia.
b.
Beto
conocía
a Chela desde que eran muy jóvenes.
2. a.
Cuando Eva me mintió,
supe
que no era una buena amiga.
b.
Yo no
sabía
que Eva no era sincera.
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